<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IuKfJN27w_g?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Measuring and burning PCB tracks. 
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-bogatin-368860/">Eric's Linked In</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/LQ20GBonRmA">PCB Simulation vs. Real Board - DC Currents and Voltage drop</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UpFd6ubqTLI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Op-amps explained: how they work and what are their important parameters. 
    </div>

  <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:29</span><span class="chapters-text">Why to use operational amplifier</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Ideal op amp</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:00</span><span class="chapters-text">How inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:13</span><span class="chapters-text">How non-inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a buffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">15:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a current reference</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">35:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">41:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Operational amplifier slew rate</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate impact to sinusoidal output</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:10:57</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Input and output voltage swing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:19:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:20:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:22:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp output range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:29:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:32:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:38:51</span><span class="chapters-text">pH Electrometer solution - practical example</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:46:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring pH</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/arthur-kay-a5201929/">Arthur´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zach-olson-vt/">Zach´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everything Important About OP AMP (Operational amplifier)

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pdzQ-kgLbFw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video includes explanation of battery charging and safety schematic circuits. 
    </div>
    

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Types of cells and batteries</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:43</span><span class="chapters-text">CID and PTC battery protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Prismatic cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Pouch cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">16:02</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Peak charge and nominal voltage, end of discharge voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Thermal runaway</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Nickel Metal Hydride (NIHM)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">29:23</span><span class="chapters-text">How cells are connected together</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery testing standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety circuit - Safety features</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">44:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Safety circuit integrated in batteries, shipping and transport</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:06:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:21:01</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit example 2</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:27:23</span><span class="chapters-text">About Alex</span></li>
            </span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-norman-eetengineer/">Alex´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@eetengineer">Alex´s Youtube</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WdlN8bHw-w0?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        What is important when designing boards and power supplies with high currents? Explained by Steve Sandler
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">00:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Current state of the art</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">09:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Why inductance is the biggest challenge (1)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">19:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Minimizing the inductance (1)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">20:47</span><span class="chapters-text">Thinner dielectric for even lower inductance (1)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">23:35</span><span class="chapters-text">Why inductance is the biggest challenge (2)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">39:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Decoupling the ASIC</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">45:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Minimizing the inductance (2)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">50:55</span><span class="chapters-text">Thinner dielectric for even lower inductance (2)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">53:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Carrying the current (ANSWER on the question in title)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">59:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Stability - Both input and output (control loops)</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">1:10:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Million dollar chip</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">1:17:55</span><span class="chapters-text">What VRMs can supply this kind of currents?</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">1:26:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Is GaN the answer?</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">1:31:58</span><span class="chapters-text">Testing gets really tough</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">1:37:34</span><span class="chapters-text">Thank you and contact</span>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/steven-sandler-022a7210/">Steve's LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/power-integrity-and-power-supply-testing">Steve's Online Course</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.picotest.com/">Steve's company</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


Do you need thick copper layers in PCB for high currents? Are you sure? | Steve Sandler

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
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                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AmfLhT5SntE?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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    <div class="blog-content">
        How to layout and route a switching regulator (buck converter in this example) using Altium Designer. Best practices, tips, and guidelines to minimize noise, EMI, etc.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">EM Test Board</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Buck Converter Resources</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Buck Converter Topology and Loops</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:12</span><span class="chapters-text">General Layout and Routing Rules</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">09:57</span><span class="chapters-text">Layout</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Routing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">24:34</span><span class="chapters-text">Outro</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gq-0ZpcGm8E&ab_channel=OptimumDesignAssociates">Switching power supply PCB layout seminar</a></li>


            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/mixed-signal-hardware-design-with-kicad">Mixed-signal Hardware Design course</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Switching Regulator PCB Design - Phil's Lab #60

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5Up6R9n-cBk?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
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    <div class="blog-content">
        How to decide on BGA pad size and if SMD (solder mask defined) or NSMD (non-solder mask defined) pad should be used. I asked Tom Hausherr
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/cMxXea16Hxc">Full interview with Tom</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tom-hausherr-cid-cit-46130a2/">Tom Hausherr LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.pcblibraries.com/">Tom's company website</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


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How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

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