<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IuKfJN27w_g?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Measuring and burning PCB tracks. 
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-bogatin-368860/">Eric's Linked In</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/LQ20GBonRmA">PCB Simulation vs. Real Board - DC Currents and Voltage drop</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UpFd6ubqTLI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Op-amps explained: how they work and what are their important parameters. 
    </div>

  <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:29</span><span class="chapters-text">Why to use operational amplifier</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Ideal op amp</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:00</span><span class="chapters-text">How inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:13</span><span class="chapters-text">How non-inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a buffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">15:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a current reference</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">35:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">41:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Operational amplifier slew rate</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate impact to sinusoidal output</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:10:57</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Input and output voltage swing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:19:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:20:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:22:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp output range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:29:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:32:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:38:51</span><span class="chapters-text">pH Electrometer solution - practical example</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:46:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring pH</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/arthur-kay-a5201929/">Arthur´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zach-olson-vt/">Zach´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everything Important About OP AMP (Operational amplifier)

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pdzQ-kgLbFw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video includes explanation of battery charging and safety schematic circuits. 
    </div>
    

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Types of cells and batteries</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:43</span><span class="chapters-text">CID and PTC battery protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Prismatic cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Pouch cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">16:02</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Peak charge and nominal voltage, end of discharge voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Thermal runaway</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Nickel Metal Hydride (NIHM)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">29:23</span><span class="chapters-text">How cells are connected together</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery testing standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety circuit - Safety features</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">44:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Safety circuit integrated in batteries, shipping and transport</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:06:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:21:01</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit example 2</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:27:23</span><span class="chapters-text">About Alex</span></li>
            </span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-norman-eetengineer/">Alex´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@eetengineer">Alex´s Youtube</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

<div class="entry-content">


    <div class="blog-content">
        <ol class="content-list">
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Specify the basics</b><br>
                For example: You want a cheap ARM processor, at least 300MHz with DDR3 interface</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Answer this question: Which is the most unusual peripheral I need?</b><br>
                For example: HDMI interface</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Go to a supplier website and do the search</b><br>
                For example: <a href="http://www.digikey.com">http://www.digikey.com</a> -> Product Index > Integrated Circuits (ICs) > Embedded – Microcontrollers</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Select the unusual peripheral:</b><br>
                Peripherals -> HDMI</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Order Ascending by price for 1000 pieces</b><br>
                <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
                    <a href="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/6a9f5-processor-selection.png" target="_blank"><img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/6a9f5-processor-selection.png" alt="Processor selection" /></a>
                </div>
                If you don’t have any special peripheral, search for:<br>
                Processor core: ARM<br>
                Speed: at least 300MHz<br>
                Industrial temperature: at least -40C</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Check datasheet & manufacturer website</b></span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Select the processor most suitable for your application.</b></span></li>
        </ol>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">Be careful about</h2>
        <ul class="content-list">
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>In stock checkbox</b> – this can eliminate the cheapest variants from the list, so the results will not be accurate. On the other site, be sure, you can buy the component you finally choose.</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Category selection</b> e.g. Processor / Microcontroller. Suppliers sometimes mix these chips together, look in both categories.</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Hardware development support</b> – be sure, the selected chip has free reference schematics with PCB and available development kits in reasonable price</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Software support</b> – be sure, the selected chip has a good software support with code examples. Additional software development can cause delays or increase cost significantly.</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Good documentation</b> is advantage.</span></li>
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b>Community support</b> is plus.</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>

How to select Processor / Microcontroller for your design

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8GpsPRjvUXk?version=3&rel=0&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        This video explains difference in layout between DDR3 (fly-by topology) and DDR2 (T-branch topology). This short video is a part of Advanced PCB Layout Course.
    </div> 
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.fedevel.com/welldoneblog/2011/02/ddr-ddr2-ddr3-pcb-layout-examples/">Download the layout examples</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/advanced-pcb-layout-course">Advanced PCB Layout Course</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div> 
</div>


DDR2 & DDR3 layout difference

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y22Ia6gJDr8?version=3&rel=0&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        I had to remove one chip, so I took a short video about it. You may find it useful. Simple technique to remove a small chip with Exposed pad.
    </div> 
</div>


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How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

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Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

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