<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IuKfJN27w_g?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Measuring and burning PCB tracks. 
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-bogatin-368860/">Eric's Linked In</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/LQ20GBonRmA">PCB Simulation vs. Real Board - DC Currents and Voltage drop</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UpFd6ubqTLI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Op-amps explained: how they work and what are their important parameters. 
    </div>

  <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:29</span><span class="chapters-text">Why to use operational amplifier</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Ideal op amp</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:00</span><span class="chapters-text">How inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:13</span><span class="chapters-text">How non-inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a buffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">15:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a current reference</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">35:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">41:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Operational amplifier slew rate</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate impact to sinusoidal output</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:10:57</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Input and output voltage swing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:19:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:20:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:22:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp output range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:29:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:32:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:38:51</span><span class="chapters-text">pH Electrometer solution - practical example</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:46:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring pH</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/arthur-kay-a5201929/">Arthur´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zach-olson-vt/">Zach´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everything Important About OP AMP (Operational amplifier)

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pdzQ-kgLbFw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video includes explanation of battery charging and safety schematic circuits. 
    </div>
    

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Types of cells and batteries</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:43</span><span class="chapters-text">CID and PTC battery protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Prismatic cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Pouch cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">16:02</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Peak charge and nominal voltage, end of discharge voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Thermal runaway</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Nickel Metal Hydride (NIHM)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">29:23</span><span class="chapters-text">How cells are connected together</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery testing standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety circuit - Safety features</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">44:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Safety circuit integrated in batteries, shipping and transport</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:06:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:21:01</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit example 2</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:27:23</span><span class="chapters-text">About Alex</span></li>
            </span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-norman-eetengineer/">Alex´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@eetengineer">Alex´s Youtube</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DoR-gq4M9Aw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
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    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        Everything important you need to know when designing FLEX PCBs. Explained by Ata Syed
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What this video is about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:32</span><span class="chapters-text">What is Stiffener</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:14</span><span class="chapters-text">What is Coverlay</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Soldermask on Flex PCB</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Adhesive</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">11:35</span><span class="chapters-text">Favourite stackup?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">18:39</span><span class="chapters-text">Copper in Flex PCB</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">23:53</span><span class="chapters-text">Strain relief</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:56</span><span class="chapters-text">Preventing FLEX PCB cracking</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">29:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Bend radius</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">34:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Teardrops</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">39:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Routing - sharp corners and angles</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">42:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Space out equally</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Shift tracks between layers, gold fingers coverlay</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">49:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Overlapping coverlay and stiffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Documentation for FLEX  PCB manufacturing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:47</span><span class="chapters-text">Aluminum stiffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">57:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Via 20mil from stiffener edge</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">57:41</span><span class="chapters-text">Stiffener with holes (+ plating)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:02:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Holes in corners</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:04:39</span><span class="chapters-text">Cross hatched vs Solid GND planes in FLEX PCB</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:09:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Shielding</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:10:41</span><span class="chapters-text">Finishing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:12:05</span><span class="chapters-text">Gold fingers finishing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:14:13</span><span class="chapters-text">How a four layer FLEX is made</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:20</span><span class="chapters-text">About 3 layer and odd layer FLEX PCBs</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:17:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer and thickness limitations</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:19:55</span><span class="chapters-text">2mil spacing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:22:35</span><span class="chapters-text">Copper plating vs. FLEX</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:26:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Buried VIAs and FLEX</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:27</span><span class="chapters-text">uVIAs in FLEX</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:29:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Minimum Trace and Space on FLEX PCB</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:30:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Minimum VIA and about holes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:34:08</span><span class="chapters-text">About Panelization</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:35:14</span><span class="chapters-text">About FLEX PCB manufacturing process</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:38:04</span><span class="chapters-text">How stiffeners are applied on FLEX</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/atasyed/">Ata’s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.pfcflex.com/">PFC Flexible Circuits</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Designing a FLEX PCB? You Need To Know This ….

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
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                allowfullscreen="true"
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    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        I recorded the full process of designing and building this ESP32 board. I was planning to post it on YouTube, but there is still a lot of work. Would you watch it if I finish it?
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Electronics is Created? #shorts

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eZnyBt2LVoc?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        Design review of PCB containing an STM32F1 microcontroller, buck converter, relays, and various peripherals. Going through schematic and PCB, giving tips and guidelines throughout.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Introduction</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - Overview</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - Power (Buck, LDO)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:08</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - MCU & Peripherals</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:48</span><span class="chapters-text">PCB</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:12</span><span class="chapters-text">PCB - Buck Converter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">19:22</span><span class="chapters-text">PCB - Additional Comments</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Recommended Videos</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/citrineio/LEL-Detector">Khadem´s Git repo</a></li>

            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/mixed-signal-hardware-design-with-kicad">Mixed-signal Hardware Design course</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

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Design Review (Buck + STM32 + Peripherals) - Phil's Lab #81

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