<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CTPb7etzOmA" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
The essential information about FCC and CE explained. Thank you very much Clemens Mayer.
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Why is this topic important?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">04:05</span><span class="chapters-text">Overview of the video</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:29</span><span class="chapters-text">What the FCC considers a module</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Difference between FCC and CE</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Where to find compliance documents and standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:11</span><span class="chapters-text">How to know which certification your product needs</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">33:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Lab report vs. Declaration of conformity</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">38:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Sub-assemblies</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Steps to EU compliance</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Self-certification</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">47:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Misuse of CE marking</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Costs</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">52:02</span><span class="chapters-text">How to obtain CE marking</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">57:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Pre-compliance testing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:56</span><span class="chapters-text">When does a module make sense?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Compliance is more than RED and EMC</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:14:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Own pre-compliance setup</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:17:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Arduino compatible Devkit with ESP32</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:30:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Bluetooth connected action camera</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:34:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Long range Wifi Door Alarm</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:37:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Dancing Robot Kit</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:45:21</span><span class="chapters-text">How to figure it out for your product</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:49:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Who can help with certification</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:56:03</span><span class="chapters-text">How Smander can help</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:00:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Outro</span></li>
    </div>


    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mayermakes/">Clemens´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://smander.com/">Clemens´ company</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://early.smander.com/individual-consultation-session/">Consultation</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/ce-marking/">CE marking</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf1XeGQZQfP1SK2IIJJ2RDUrI0G2zy0QehDHxjHA2EUdNwUlQ/viewform">FEDEVEL Community Membership</a></li>
            
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://discord.com/invite/8a8dUcHmrx">Ask questions on our FEDEVEL Discord</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everyone designing PCB boards needs to watch this - Certification ( FCC & CE )

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/haal5n355PQ" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Explaining process of making chips. Thank you very much Heather Richardson.
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Silicon and wafers</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:09</span><span class="chapters-text">The process</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Doping</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:06</span><span class="chapters-text">Making an inverter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">14:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Gate oxide</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:16</span><span class="chapters-text">Source and drain regions</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">18:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Why analog chips are harder to build</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:16</span><span class="chapters-text">Connecting transistors</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:14</span><span class="chapters-text">PDK - Process Design Kit</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">38:39</span><span class="chapters-text">Steps of designing chip</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Parameterized cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:24</span><span class="chapters-text">How long does chip manufacturing take</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:11</span><span class="chapters-text">How much does it cost</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:04:26</span><span class="chapters-text">Foundries (Factories manufacturing chips)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:52</span><span class="chapters-text">Reticle</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:13:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Capacitors and resistors</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:18:56</span><span class="chapters-text">US and global IC manufacturing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:23:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Why is it expensive to build and run chip factory</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:38</span><span class="chapters-text">About Heather</span></li>
    </div>


    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/heather-electric/">Heather's LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf1XeGQZQfP1SK2IIJJ2RDUrI0G2zy0QehDHxjHA2EUdNwUlQ/viewform">FEDEVEL Community Membership</a></li>
            
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://discord.com/invite/8a8dUcHmrx">Ask questions on our FEDEVEL Discord</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Are Chips Manufactured?

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SMmTsU6edVQ" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video explains how to calculate and choose output capacitor for switching power supplies. Thank you very much Ali Shirsavar.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:22</span><span class="chapters-text">Why do we need output capacitor?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Measurement: Voltage dip and ripple on output voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Calculating capacitor value to meet voltage dip requirement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:58</span><span class="chapters-text">Calculating ceramic capacitor value to meet ripple requirements</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring ripple on ceramic capacitor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring ripple on electrolytic capacitor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">31:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Calculating maximum ESR of electrolytic capacitor to meet ripple requirements</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:51</span><span class="chapters-text">Finding the right capacitor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Capacitance of ceramic capacitor drops with DC voltage (DC Bias)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Ali's software</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">46:40</span><span class="chapters-text">About Ali</span></li>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ali-shirsavar-661696b/">Ali´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://biricha.com/workshops/">Ali´s company and workshops</a></li>

            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How to Calculate the Output Capacitor for a Switching Power Supply? It's simple. Explained here...

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/B8wQVrPKTSw" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        When you are doing layout, sometimes you may want to use a special rule in a specific area. For example if you have a BGA with a very small pitch, which requires a special clearance rule to fanout the tracks.<br><br>

        The simplest way how to do it in Altium Designer, is to set a minimum clearance rule under the problematic footprint. 
    </div>
</div>


Altium Tutorial – Smaller clearance under BGA or Footprint

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="blog-content">
        Do you need a special PCB stackup for your project? The following steps will help you to get the stackup you want.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">Step 1 – Suggest a stackup</h2>
        Easiest way is to modify/adjust an existing stackup. If you need to start from a scratch, try to use standard materials. Here are some examples of materials which you can use:<br><br>

        <i>Screenshot of standard materials used during PCB manufacturing</i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/2cf59-pcb-materials.png" alt="pcb materials" />
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-text">
        This screenshot was taken from <a href="http://www.sqpinternational.com/">SQP International</a> website. <a href="http://www.sqpinternational.com/base_materials.php">Here you can find there more information.</a><br><br>

        If you would like to see how PCB is manufactured, have a look at this video which I made some time ago: <a href="http://www.fedevel.com/blog/how-does-a-multilayer-pcb-is-made/">How is a multilayer PCB made</a>. That may help you to understand how the PCB material is put together.<br><br>

        <i>TIP: Ideally, you want to keep the thickness of dielectricum, which is placed between reference GND and signal layer, to minimum. This will help you to minimize crosstalk between tracks.</i>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">Step 2 – Calculate track geometry</h2>
        I often use <a href="http://www.saturnpcb.com/">Saturn PCB</a> software to calculate track geometry (e.g. to calculate track width for all the digital signals, which need to be 50 or 55OHM). The software is free, easy to use and it gives you quite accurate numbers. You can download it from here: <a href="http://saturnpcb.com/pcb_toolkit.htm">Saturn PCB Toolkit</a><br><br>

        <i>Screenshot from <a href="http://saturnpcb.com/pcb_toolkit.htm">Saturn PCB Toolkit</a></i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/c6f05-saturn-pcb-screenshot.png" alt="Saturn PCB screenshot" />
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">Step 3 – Iterate</h2>
        If after your calculation the track width is not as you would expect (e.g. too wide tracks or too thin tracks), go back to the Step 1, adjust the stackup and then recalculate track geometry in the Step 2. Be aware of the minimum track, which your PCB manufacturer can actually manufacture.
    </div>
  
    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">Step 4 – Check with your PCB manufacturer</h2>
        Very often, the real stackup and track geometry will be a little bit different from the theoretical values which you calculated. You need to check the stackup and geometry with your PCB manufacturer. For this, we created following document: <a href="http://www.fedevel.com/welldoneblog/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/PCB-Stackup-and-Track-Geometry-Suggestion.xlsx">PCB Stackup and Track Geometry Suggestion.xlsx</a>. Feel free to use it as a template. Fill it up with your requirements and send it to your PCB manufacturer.<br><br>

        <i>Screenshot from <a href="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/downloads/PCB-Stackup-and-Track-Geometry-Suggestion.xlsx">PCB Stackup and Track Geometry Suggestion.xlsx</a></i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/9fb51-pcb-stackup-and-track-geometry-suggestion.png" alt="PCB Stackup and Track Geometry Suggestion" />
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">Step 5 – Confirm or Recalculate</h2>
        From your PCB manufacturer, you will receive a stackup back. If you are happy, you can use it in your design. Often, you may need to go back to Step 1, adjust the stackup, recalculate and double check with your PCB manufacturer again.<br><br>

        <i>Screenshot from the final PCB stackup, received from our PCB manufacturer</i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/d6527-stackup-from-pcb-manufacturer.png" alt="Stackup from PCB manufacturer" />
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-text">
        Some PCB manufacturers are very good and will send you the correct stackup almost imeddiatelly, with some PCB manufacturers you may need to be very patient, as it may sometimes take weeks to agree on the final stackup.
    </div>
 
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.sqpinternational.com/">SQP International</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.sqpinternational.com/base_materials.php">SQP International - base materials</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.fedevel.com/blog/how-does-a-multilayer-pcb-is-made/">How is a multilayer PCB made</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.saturnpcb.com/">Saturn PCB</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://saturnpcb.com/pcb_toolkit.htm">Saturn PCB Toolkit</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/downloads/PCB-Stackup-and-Track-Geometry-Suggestion.xlsx">PCB Stackup and Track Geometry Suggestion.xlsx</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>

5 Steps to define a Custom PCB Stackup

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CvMfb95YBgc" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        <a href="http://www.altium.com/">Altium</a> and <a href="http://www.element14.com/">Element 14</a> released a new software called <a href="http://www.circuitstudio.com/">CircuitStudio</a>. I was curious how it looks. I made this video, so you can see the menu & options of CircuitStudio and compare it with Altium Designer.
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.altium.com/">Altium</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.element14.com/">Element 14</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.circuitstudio.com/">CircuitStudio</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>


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Everyone designing PCB boards needs to watch this - Certification ( FCC & CE )

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