<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IuKfJN27w_g?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Measuring and burning PCB tracks. 
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring resistance - the setup</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:28</span><span class="chapters-text">How to estimate track resistance</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:39</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring track resistance by ohmmeter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">The problem when measuring low resistance by ohmmeter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">19:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Four wire resistance measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">24:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring very small resistance - increasing current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:47</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring 6mil (0.15mm) PCB track resistance</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:12</span><span class="chapters-text">How much current a 6mil track can handle?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">46:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Burning PCB track</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Power planes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Multiple power planes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">57:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Kelvin method measurement</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-bogatin-368860/">Eric´s Linked In</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/LQ20GBonRmA">PCB Simulation vs. Real Board - DC Currents and Voltage drop</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UpFd6ubqTLI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Op-amps explained: how they work and what are their important parameters. 
    </div>

  <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:29</span><span class="chapters-text">Why to use operational amplifier</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Ideal op amp</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:00</span><span class="chapters-text">How inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:13</span><span class="chapters-text">How non-inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a buffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">15:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a current reference</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">35:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">41:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Operational amplifier slew rate</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate impact to sinusoidal output</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:10:57</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Input and output voltage swing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:19:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:20:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:22:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp output range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:29:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:32:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:38:51</span><span class="chapters-text">pH Electrometer solution - practical example</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:46:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring pH</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/arthur-kay-a5201929/">Arthur´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zach-olson-vt/">Zach´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everything Important About OP AMP (Operational amplifier)

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pdzQ-kgLbFw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video includes explanation of battery charging and safety schematic circuits. 
    </div>
    

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Types of cells and batteries</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:43</span><span class="chapters-text">CID and PTC battery protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Prismatic cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Pouch cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">16:02</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Peak charge and nominal voltage, end of discharge voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Thermal runaway</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Nickel Metal Hydride (NIHM)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">29:23</span><span class="chapters-text">How cells are connected together</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery testing standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety circuit - Safety features</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">44:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Safety circuit integrated in batteries, shipping and transport</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:06:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:21:01</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit example 2</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:27:23</span><span class="chapters-text">About Alex</span></li>
            </span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-norman-eetengineer/">Alex´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@eetengineer">Alex´s Youtube</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2kYJwosAz3Y?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        Overview and guidelines for mixed-signal hardware and PCB design, looking at an audio processing ´System-on-Module´ (SoM) containing an STM32H7 microcontroller, audio codec, and SD card.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Introduction</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Mixed-Signal Hardware Design Course with KiCad</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Board Overview</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">04:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - Power Supplies</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - Microcontroller and Peripherals</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">11:16</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - Audio Codec</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic - Mezzanine Connectors</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:23</span><span class="chapters-text">PCB Design (SoM)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Daughter Board (Carrier)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">18:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Course</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/pms67/LeDSP-Audio-SoM">Github - pms67/LeDSP-Audio-SoM</a></li>

            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/mixed-signal-hardware-design-with-kicad">Mixed-signal Hardware Design course</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Mixed-Signal Hardware Design Overview | Audio SoM | STM32 & Altium - Phil's Lab #45

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eQQRoY0J12M?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        Wow! I had no idea it is so simple to add a Microcontroller into FPGA. Thank you very much Adam Taylor for great and practical step by step tutorial about how to do it. This tutorial can be useful for beginners or when starting with FPGA. Includes also DDR3, USB UART, VHDL block, Logic Analyzer and how to write Hello word software for the microcontroller.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:35</span><span class="chapters-text">What we are going to design</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">04:08</span><span class="chapters-text">Starting a new FPGA project in Vivado</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:58</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding Digilent ARTY Xilinx board into our project</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding system clock</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:47</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding and configuring DDR3 in FPGA</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">19:41</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding Microcontroller (MicroBlaze) into FPGA</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Connecting reset</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding USB UART</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">34:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Assigning memory space ( Peripheral Address mapping )</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">34:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Creating and explaining RTL ( VHDL ) code</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">40:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding RTL ( VHDL ) code into our FPGA project</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:56</span><span class="chapters-text">Synthesis</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Defining and configuring FPGA pins</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">52:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding Integrated Logic Analyzer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding GPIO block</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">58:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Checking the summary and timing of finished FPGA design</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:03:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Exporting the design</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:04:43</span><span class="chapters-text">Writing software for microcontroller in FPGA - Starting a new project in VITIS</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:09:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Compiling, loading and debugging MCU software</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:11:44</span><span class="chapters-text">IT WORKS!</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:12:16</span><span class="chapters-text">Checking content of the memory and IO registers</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:14:31</span><span class="chapters-text">How to use GPIO driver to read gpio value</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:17:40</span><span class="chapters-text">Using Integrated Logic Analyzer inside FPGA for debugging</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:24:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Adam´s book and give away</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div> 
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/C-RtLnagFuQ">Previous video with Adam</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/ATaylorCEngFIET/fedevel">GitHub of the archived projects, just download and extract</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.adiuvoengineering.com/">Adam´s website and blog with a lots of tutorials</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.sensorsthink.com/">The book Adam mentioned</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.e3designers.com/altium-365">Altium files for the board from the book </a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


Microcontroller in FPGA? This is how to do it … | Step by Step Tutorial | Adam Taylor

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/A_VRMU3yFTU?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        At what frequency you need to consider VIA stubs? Do you know?
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Intro</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:15</span><span class="chapters-text">What is the VIA Stub</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:15</span><span class="chapters-text">VIA Stub Length Graph</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div> 
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/ERvQeln9l-g">Full interview with Bert</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bertsimonovich/?originalSubdomain=ca">Bert's LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://lamsimenterprises.com/">Bert's website</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


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