<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IuKfJN27w_g?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
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                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Measuring and burning PCB tracks. 
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring resistance - the setup</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:28</span><span class="chapters-text">How to estimate track resistance</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:39</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring track resistance by ohmmeter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">The problem when measuring low resistance by ohmmeter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">19:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Four wire resistance measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">24:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring very small resistance - increasing current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:47</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring 6mil (0.15mm) PCB track resistance</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:12</span><span class="chapters-text">How much current a 6mil track can handle?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">46:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Burning PCB track</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Power planes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Multiple power planes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">57:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Kelvin method measurement</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-bogatin-368860/">Eric´s Linked In</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/LQ20GBonRmA">PCB Simulation vs. Real Board - DC Currents and Voltage drop</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UpFd6ubqTLI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Op-amps explained: how they work and what are their important parameters. 
    </div>

  <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:29</span><span class="chapters-text">Why to use operational amplifier</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">02:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Ideal op amp</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:00</span><span class="chapters-text">How inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:13</span><span class="chapters-text">How non-inverting op amp works</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a buffer</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">15:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp working as a current reference</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">30:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Input offset voltage measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">35:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Input bias current measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">41:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp Bandwidth simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">50:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Operational amplifier slew rate</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">53:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Slew rate impact to sinusoidal output</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:10:57</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp noise simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Input and output voltage swing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:19:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:20:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Common mode range measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:22:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Op amp output range</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:29:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability simulation</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:32:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Op-amp stability measurement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:38:51</span><span class="chapters-text">pH Electrometer solution - practical example</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:46:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring pH</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/arthur-kay-a5201929/">Arthur´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/zach-olson-vt/">Zach´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everything Important About OP AMP (Operational amplifier)

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pdzQ-kgLbFw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video includes explanation of battery charging and safety schematic circuits. 
    </div>
    

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Types of cells and batteries</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:43</span><span class="chapters-text">CID and PTC battery protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Prismatic cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Pouch cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">16:02</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Peak charge and nominal voltage, end of discharge voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Thermal runaway</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Nickel Metal Hydride (NIHM)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">29:23</span><span class="chapters-text">How cells are connected together</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery testing standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety circuit - Safety features</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">44:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery safety schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:31</span><span class="chapters-text">Safety circuit integrated in batteries, shipping and transport</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:06:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit explained</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:21:01</span><span class="chapters-text">Battery charging schematic circuit example 2</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:27:23</span><span class="chapters-text">About Alex</span></li>
            </span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-norman-eetengineer/">Alex´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@eetengineer">Alex´s Youtube</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

<div class="entry-content">

    <div class="blog-content">
        DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 memory reference layouts can be found on <a href="http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/technology-focus-areas/memory-module-design-file-registrations">JEDEC website</a>. They provide schematics and PCB brd files (requires registration). It’s very useful to see how JEDEC does the layout.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-text">
        For example see difference in address routing (yellow colour) for DDR2 (T-branch topology) and DDR3 (fly-by topology) :
        <ul class="content-list">
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b><a href="https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/focus/memory-module-designs-dimms/DDR2/240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs">Design Files for DDR2 240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs</a></b>
        </ul>       
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-text">
        <i>Picture: <a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/design/DDR2/PC2-6400_UDIMM_V12_RC_H0_20050803.zip">DDR2 2 Rank x16 example</a></i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/0dcbd-ddr2-layout-example.jpg" alt="DDR2 layout example" />
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-text">
        <ul class="content-list">
            <li class="content-list-item"><span class="content-text"><b><a href="http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/focus/memory-module-designs-dimms/DDR3/240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs">Design Files for DDR3 240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs</a></b>
        </ul>       
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-text">
        <i>Picture: <a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/design/DDR3/PC3_10600_UDIMM_V050_RC_F0_20070530.zip">DDR3 2 Rank x16 planar example</a></i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/ea62b-ddr3-layout-example.jpg" alt="DDR3 layout example" />
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-text">
        You will need <a href="http://www.cadence.com/products/pcb/Pages/downloads.aspx">Allegro FREE Physical Viewer</a> (free, but requires registration) to open the brd files. In case you have never used Allegro before, you may want to watch <a href="https://fedevel.com/blog/very-simple-tutorial-how-to-start-with-cadence-allegro/">Very simple tutorial – How to start with Cadence Allegro</a>.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/technology-focus-areas/memory-module-design-file-registrations">JEDEC website</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/focus/memory-module-designs-dimms/DDR3/240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs">Design Files for DDR3 240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/design/DDR2/PC2-6400_UDIMM_V12_RC_H0_20050803.zip">DDR2 2 Rank x16 example</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/focus/memory-module-designs-dimms/DDR3/240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs">Design Files for DDR3 240-pin Unbuffered DIMMs</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/design/DDR3/PC3_10600_UDIMM_V050_RC_F0_20070530.zip">DDR3 2 Rank x16 planar example</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.cadence.com/products/pcb/Pages/downloads.aspx">Allegro FREE Physical Viewer</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/blog/very-simple-tutorial-how-to-start-with-cadence-allegro/">Very simple tutorial – How to start with Cadence Allegro</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 – PCB layout examples

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UY85TcRfZO8?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        Do you use generic symbols in your schematic (for example one resistor for all different values)? Maybe you could watch this video.
    </div>
</div>


Altium Designer – Benefits of integrated library

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe
                class="youtube-player"
                src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JS_VWGzVRbY?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
                allowfullscreen="true"
                style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 416.418px;"
                sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"
                data-ratio="0.5627272727272727" data-width="1100" data-height="619"></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        This video compares process of schematic checking between Orcad and Altium Designer.
    </div>
</div>


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How Much Current Will Destroy a PCB Track? | Track resistance measurements

Everything Important About OP AMP (Operational amplifier)

Powering Up Your Board From a Battery? You need to know this ...

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